• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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    • 专利摘要:
    Condensation particle counter (1) comprising a main channel (12) through which a carrier gas (3) flows along a main flow path (4), a saturator (5) for enriching, in particular saturating, the carrier gas (3) with a feedstock (5) 2), wherein the saturator (5) comprises a saturable body (27) impregnated with the operating substance (2) and impregnated in measuring operation, and wherein the saturable body (27) has at least one saturation channel (28) following the main flow path (4) for passage and enrichment of the carrier gas (3), a nozzle device (6) opening along a main flow path (4) downstream of the saturator (5) into a nozzle section (13) of the main channel (12), connected to a meteraerosol feed line (7) and for introducing a particle-laden one Messaerosols (8) is arranged in the enriched carrier gas (3) arranged along the main flow path (4) after the nozzle device (6) Kond Anionsbereich (9) for supersaturation of the mixture containing the carrier gas (3), the fuel (2) and the Messaerosol (8).
    公开号:AT520844A1
    申请号:T50092/2018
    申请日:2018-01-31
    公开日:2019-08-15
    发明作者:Ing Martin Kupper Dipl；Martin Kraft Dr；Dr Bergmann Alexander
    申请人:Avl List Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Summary
    Condensation particle counter (1) comprising a main channel (12) through which a carrier gas (3) flows through a main flow path (4) during measurement, a saturator (5) for enriching, in particular for saturating, the carrier gas (3) with a fuel ( 2), the saturator (5) comprising a saturation body (27) soakable with the operating material (2) and soaked in measuring operation, and wherein the saturation body (27) comprises at least one saturation channel (28) following the main flow path (4) for the passage and enrichment of the carrier gas (3), a nozzle device (6) opening along the main flow path (4) after the saturator (5) into a nozzle section (13) of the main channel (12), which is connected to a measurement aerosol feed line (7) and for introducing a particle-laden one Measuring aerosol (8) is set up in the enriched carrier gas (3), a condenser arranged along the main flow path (4) after the nozzle device (6) Sensation area (9) for supersaturation of the mixture containing the carrier gas (3), the operating material (2) and the measuring aerosol (8).
    Fig. 3/33
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    Condensation particle counter with saturator
    The invention relates to a condensation particle counter comprising a main channel, through which a carrier gas flows in measurement mode along a main flow path, a saturator for enrichment, in particular for saturation, of the carrier gas with an operating medium, the saturator comprising a saturation body that can be soaked with the operating medium and soaked in measuring mode , and wherein the saturation body comprises at least one saturation channel following the main flow path for the passage and enrichment of the carrier gas, a nozzle device opening along the main flow path after the saturator into a nozzle section of the main channel, which is connected to a measurement aerosol feed line and set up for introducing a particle-laden measurement aerosol into the enriched carrier gas is a condensation region arranged along the main flow path after the nozzle device for supersaturation of the mixture containing the carrier g as, the operating fluid and the measuring aerosol, a measuring device arranged along the main flow path after the condensation area for the detection of the particles of the measuring aerosol enlarged by the condensed operating fluid, and a temperature control arrangement for temperature control of the carrier gas.
    Condensation particle counters are known and published in different embodiments. In conventional condensation particle counters, an aerosol stream is saturated with a vaporous operating fluid and subsequently cooled in a condensation area in such a way that the particles contained in the aerosol stream act as condensation nuclei on which the condensing operating fluid is deposited. As a result, the particles are enlarged and can be detected, in particular counted, by a measuring device with greater accuracy. The exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine is often used as the measurement aerosol, for example to measure the particle emissions of a motor vehicle. Exhaust gases from internal combustion engines also contain other constituents in addition to the particles to be measured, such as water vapor, unburned hydrocarbons or sulfuric acid. These other components can affect the measurement and even damage the condensation particle counter. For this reason, the measurement aerosol is used in conventional condensation particle counters / 33
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    AVL List GmbH conditioned. With this conditioning, the measuring aerosol is dried, cooled and diluted, for example. However, it has been found in practice that the conditioning of the measurement aerosol impairs the accuracy of the measurement, since during conditioning a considerable part of the particles of the measurement aerosol is lost or is filtered out of the measurement aerosol, this problem occurring in particular with nanoparticles.
    So-called high-temperature condensation particle counters or HT-CPCs are known to solve this problem. With this special design of a condensation particle counter, the temperature along the flow of the measurement aerosol is kept above the relevant dew point temperatures of the components contained in the exhaust gas and bound in vapor form. As a rule, the minimum temperature chosen is the dew point temperature of sulfuric acid, which is approximately in the range of 150 ° C. This prevents substances such as water vapor or vaporous sulfuric acid from condensing in the area of the measuring device and impairing the measurement or damaging the measuring device.
    However, it has been found in practice that HT-CPCs have other problems that do not allow stable operation. With conventional HTCPCs, surprisingly, damage to the saturator occurs after a short period of operation, which greatly reduces the measuring accuracy and the service life of the HT-CPC.
    The object of the invention is now to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide an improved condensation particle counter, in particular with a permanently increased measuring accuracy.
    The object of the invention is achieved by the features of the independent claims.
    The measuring accuracy of the condensation particle counter can be improved in particular by using an improved saturator.
    Intensive studies have shown that the damage to the saturator in high-temperature condensation particle counters is caused by undesirable reactions of the fuel. Conventional operating materials are mostly long-chain esters, / 33
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    AVL List GmbH in particular dioctyl phthalates, which are supplied in liquid form and absorbed or bound in vapor form in the aerosol stream or in the carrier gas by heating the saturator. In practice, however, these esters have not proven to be sufficiently thermostable.
    For conventional low-temperature condensation particle counters, hydrocarbons are also known as operating materials. At higher temperatures, however, these hydrocarbons react with the oxygen in the aerosol stream or the carrier gas, which disadvantageously changes the molecular structure of the operating materials. In addition, the hydrocarbons of the fuel are cracked at higher temperatures. By-products of this reaction are subsequently deposited in the saturator, which can lead to the saturator being moved.
    The measurement accuracy of the condensation particle counter can be increased in particular by using an improved nozzle device for the distributed admixture of the measurement aerosol into the carrier gas.
    In the context of the present disclosure, conditioning is understood to mean a treatment, in particular filtering, dilution and / or drying, of the measurement aerosol stream.
    In particular, the invention relates to a condensation particle counter comprising a main channel, through which a carrier gas flows in measurement mode along a main flow path, a saturator for enriching, in particular for saturating, the carrier gas with an operating medium, the saturator being a saturation body that can be soaked with the operating medium and soaked in measuring mode comprises, and wherein the saturation body comprises at least one saturation channel following the main flow path for the passage and enrichment of the carrier gas, a nozzle device opening along the main flow path after the saturator into a nozzle section of the main channel, which is connected to a measurement aerosol feed line and for introducing a particle-laden measurement aerosol into the enriched carrier gas is set up containing a condensation area arranged along the main flow path after the nozzle device for supersaturation of the mixture the carrier gas, the operating fluid and the measuring aerosol, a / 33
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    AVL List GmbH along the main flow path after the condensation area arranged measuring device for detecting the particles of the measurement aerosol enlarged by the condensed operating medium or the operating medium, and a temperature control arrangement for temperature control of the carrier gas.
    It is optionally provided that the saturation body is formed at least partially, preferably completely, from a porous aluminum oxide ceramic material.
    In particular, the saturation body or the aluminum oxide ceramic material has a porosity that has a sufficient capillary action for the operating medium or the operating medium. For example, a saturation body with a diameter of about 2.5 cm should be completely wetted or soaked if it is about 1/5 deep in the operating fluid, for example.
    If necessary, it is provided that the aluminum oxide ceramic material consists of over 80% of a mixture of Al2O3 and SiO2.
    If appropriate, it is provided that the aluminum oxide ceramic material contains 45-55% Al2O3, the percentages being indications of mass fractions.
    If necessary, it is provided that the aluminum oxide ceramic material contains 38-45% SiO2.
    If appropriate, it is provided that the aluminum oxide ceramic material contains 51.7% Al2O3 and 42% SiO2.
    If necessary, it is provided that the aluminum oxide ceramic material contains 3-5% K2O, in particular 4.1% K2O, in addition to Al2O3 and SiO2.
    It is optionally provided that the aluminum oxide ceramic material contains, in addition to Al2O3, SiO2 and K2O, further constituents such as Fe2O3, TiO2, CaO, MgO and / or Na2O, in each case in the range from or below 1%.
    If appropriate, it is provided that the aluminum oxide ceramic material has a density of 2-3, in particular of 2.7 g / cm 3 according to the hydrostatic method DIN VDE 0335/2.
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    If appropriate, it is provided that the aluminum oxide ceramic material has a water absorption of less than 0.1%, in particular 0%, according to the hydrostatic method DIN VDE 0335/2.
    If necessary, it is provided that the saturation body comprises a plurality of saturation channels which extend alongside one another along the main flow path through the saturation body, the saturation channel walls arranged between the saturation channels being soaked with the operating medium during the measuring operation.
    It is optionally provided that the saturation channel walls extend in a honeycomb or grid pattern along the main flow path through the saturation body, as a result of which a large number of honeycomb or grid-shaped saturation channels are formed.
    It is optionally provided that the saturation body is arranged in a trough-shaped section of a saturation chamber of the saturator, and that the trough-shaped section is at least partially filled with the operating material.
    If necessary, it is provided that a supply line opens into the trough-shaped section of the saturator, that the supply line is connected to a supply reservoir, and that the trough-shaped section and the supply reservoir are designed or act as communicating vessels through the connection to the supply line.
    If appropriate, it is provided that a fill level control device is provided for regulating the fill level of the operating material in the operating material reservoir, and that the fill level control device is set up via the operating material supply line for regulating or controlling the operating material supply to the saturation body.
    It is optionally provided that the saturation space is tubular along the main flow path and includes a pressure equalization opening in the upper region, above the trough-shaped section.
    It is optionally provided that the shape and / or the course of the saturation space in the saturator is or are adapted to the shape and / or the course of the saturation body.
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    It is optionally provided that the saturation channels occupy more than 70%, preferably more than 80%, of the cross-sectional area of the saturation body in a normal plane of the main flow path, incomplete saturation channels at the edge of the saturation body not being taken into account.
    The invention is further described below using an exemplary, non-restrictive embodiment which is illustrated in the figures. Show in it
    FIG. 1 shows a schematic sectional illustration of an embodiment of a condensation particle counter,
    FIG. 2 shows a detail of the condensation particle counter from FIG. 1,
    FIG. 3 shows a further schematic sectional illustration of a condensation particle counter, in particular the condensation particle counter from FIG. 1,
    FIG. 4 shows a schematic oblique view of relevant components of a distributor nozzle, as can be used, for example, in a condensation particle counter according to at least one of FIGS. 1-3, and
    Figure 5 is a schematic oblique view of relevant components of a saturation body, as it can be used for example in a condensation particle counter according to at least one of Figures 1-3.
    Unless otherwise stated, the reference numerals of the figures correspond to the following components: condensation particle counter 1, fuel 2, carrier gas 3, main flow path 4, saturator 5, nozzle device 6, measurement aerosol feed line 7, measurement aerosol 8, condensation area 9, measuring device 10, temperature control arrangement 11, main channel 12, Nozzle section 13, end section (of the distributor nozzle) 15, distributor nozzle 16, wall (of the nozzle section) 17, inlet cross section 18, outlet opening 19, inlet duct 20, distributor duct 21, inlet opening 22, overflow opening 23, free end (of the measurement aerosol feed line) 24, free cross section (of free end of the measuring aerosol feed line) 25, outlet section (of the distributor nozzle) 26, saturation body 27, saturation channel 28, saturation channel wall 29, trough-shaped section 30, / 33
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    Saturation chamber 31, fuel supply line 32, fuel reservoir 33, level control device 34, pressure compensation opening 35.
    1 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a possible embodiment of a condensation particle counter 1 or an arrangement of a condensation particle counter 1 with an operating medium 2, a carrier gas 3 and / or a measuring aerosol 8.
    A carrier gas 3 flows through the condensation particle counter 1 during normal operation along a main flow path 4. The carrier gas 3 is an emission-free and oxygen-free gas or gas mixture.
    The carrier gas 3 flows through a saturator 5 in which the carrier gas 3 is enriched or saturated with an operating medium 2. In the present embodiment, a nozzle device 6 is arranged along the main flow path 4 after the saturator 5. The nozzle device 6 comprises a measurement aerosol feed line 7 for feeding the measurement aerosol 8 into the enriched or saturated carrier gas 3. In an advantageous embodiment, the measurement aerosol 8 is an unconditional partial flow of the exhaust gas of a test specimen, such as an internal combustion engine, an internal combustion engine with an exhaust gas aftertreatment system and / or a motor vehicle which, among other things, has an internal combustion engine. The measuring aerosol 8 is in particular an undiluted, undried and / or directly from a sampling point, for example in the exhaust system or exhaust - branched partial flow of the exhaust gas of the test specimen.
    In the present embodiment, a condensation area 9 is provided in or along the main flow path 4 after the nozzle device 6. In the condensation area 9, the physical parameters are adjusted in such a way that the mixture, which comprises the carrier gas 3, the operating material 2 and the measuring aerosol 8, is oversaturated, whereby the particles contained in the measuring aerosol 8 are enlarged by the condensing operating material 2.
    A measuring device 10 is arranged downstream of the condensation region 9 along the main flow path 4. This measuring device 10 can be, for example, a / 33
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    AVL List GmbH be a conventional measuring device 10 of a condensation particle counter, which has, for example, a separating nozzle for separating the particles of the measuring aerosol 8. In particular, the measuring device 10 comprises an optical measuring device for the detection of particles.
    Furthermore, the condensation particle counter 1 comprises a temperature control arrangement 11 which is suitable and / or set up to carry out heating and possibly cooling. In particular, a main channel 12 extends through the entire condensation particle counter 1, through which initially only the carrier gas 3 and subsequently also the operating material 2 and the measurement aerosol 8 are conveyed. The temperature control arrangement 11 can, for example, be configured such that a part, in the present case the saturator 5, is heated. The condensation area 9 can, for example, have a temperature which is lower than the temperature in the area of the saturator 5, with which the physical framework conditions in the course of the main channel 12 are changed such that the carrier gas 3 is first enriched or saturated with the operating material 2 , and that subsequently in the condensation area 9, for example due to active or passive cooling, oversaturation occurs.
    The carrier gas 3 is advantageously tempered to a saturator temperature in the measuring operation by the temperature control arrangement 11 in the saturator 5, the saturator temperature being greater than the temperature of the carrier gas 3 in the condensation region 9 and in particular being greater than 200 ° C. or 210 ° C. Accordingly, the carrier gas 3 is temperature-controlled by the temperature control arrangement 11 in the condensation area 9 to a condensation temperature of over 150 ° C., preferably of over 190 ° C.
    In particular, the temperature of the measurement aerosol 8 in the condensation particle counter 1 can be kept above a certain minimum value by the temperature control arrangement 11, so that condensation of water vapor or sulfuric acid vapor contained in the measurement aerosol is avoided. In all embodiments of the condensation particle counter, the minimum temperature is preferably above the dew point temperature of water and / or above the dew point temperature of sulfuric acid. The temperature of the carrier gas 3 and / or the measuring aerosol 8 in the condensation area 9 is advantageously less than the saturator temperature but greater than 180 ° C., in particular greater than 190 ° C.
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    If appropriate, it is provided that the measurement aerosol flow of the measurement aerosol 8 is heated in such a way that the temperature of the measurement aerosol flow at each point of the main channel 12 is greater than the acid dew point temperature of the acids which may be present in the measurement aerosol flow, in particular sulfuric acid, the acid dew point temperature in particular in the range of 120 ° C is up to 150 ° C.
    Accordingly, the condensation particle counter 1 according to the invention is designed as an HT-CPC. In the case of a condensation particle counter designed as a HAT-CPC or high-temperature condensation particle counter, the minimum temperature of the measurement aerosol is in particular above the acid dew point temperature of sulfuric acid. The acid dew point temperature is usually in the range of 120 ° C to 150 ° C.
    In the present embodiment, the saturator 5 comprises a saturation body 27, which comprises a plurality of saturation channels 28 along the main flow path 4. The saturation channels 28 are each separated from one another by saturation channel walls 29. The saturator 5 comprises a saturation space 31 with a trough-shaped section 30. The shape and / or shape of the saturation space 31 in the saturator 5 is adapted to the shape and / or shape of the saturation body 27.
    The saturation space 31 is tubular along the main flow path 4. A pressure compensation opening 35 is provided in the upper region, above the trough-shaped section 30, when used as intended.
    In the present embodiment, the saturation body 27 is arranged in the saturation space 31 and protrudes into the trough-shaped section 30. According to a preferred embodiment, the saturation body 27 is a porous body that is at least partially filled or soaked and / or fillable with the operating material 2 or is impregnable. When flowing through the saturation channels 28, the carrier gas 3 is enriched or saturated with the operating material 2. For the supply of the operating material 2, an operating material supply line 32 is provided, which is connected to an operating material reservoir 33. In the present embodiment, the saturator 5 also includes the pressure equalization opening 35 mentioned above. In the present embodiment, the trough-shaped section 30 can be partially or completely filled with the operating material 2. For this purpose, the trough-shaped section 30 is delimited by the lower part of the saturation space 31, which additionally comprises a step or a shoulder along the main flow path before and after the saturation body 27, so that a / 33
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    Trough is formed, in which the preferably liquid fuel 2 can be arranged. The saturation body 27 also preferably projects into this trough-shaped section 30, as a result of which, due to its porous structure, the operating material 2 soaks the entire saturation body 27, for example by capillary action.
    The nozzle device 6 is provided for introducing the measurement aerosol 8 into the carrier gas 3 enriched with the operating material 2. The nozzle device 6 comprises a distributor nozzle 16, which is arranged in a nozzle section 13 of the main channel 12. In particular, the distributor nozzle 16 is arranged at a distance from the wall 17 of the nozzle section 13, which in the present embodiment results in an annular gap into which the measurement aerosol 8 is introduced. The distributor nozzle 16 projects in the nozzle section 13 along the main flow path 4 and projects into the main channel 12 and comprises an end section 15 designed as a free end. The end section 15 of the distributor nozzle 16 is formed along the main flow path 4 in the nozzle section 13 in a wedge-shaped or conically converging manner and thereby forms one Top. The shape and course of the main channel 12 in the nozzle section 13 are adapted to the shape and course of the distributor nozzle 16. In this way, the wall of the main channel 12 in the nozzle section 13 follows the outer contour of the distributor nozzle 16, whereby the main channel 12 in the nozzle section 13 has an annular cross section or an annular gap. The annular gap begins upstream of the nozzle device 6 in the area of the measurement aerosol feed line 7.
    In the present embodiment, the condensation particle counter 1 is designed as a high-temperature condensation particle counter. This condensation particle counter 1 has the technical advantage that the measurement aerosol 8 can be supplied essentially unconditioned. Since the minimum temperature of the measurement aerosol 8 in the course of the relevant components of the condensation particle counter 1 is above the dew point temperature of water and possibly also sulfuric acid, measurement errors are reduced, although the exhaust gas can be an essentially undried and essentially unfiltered exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine.
    In order to be able to maintain stable operation despite the high temperatures, an alkane with the structural formula CnH2n + 2 and an atomic number n between 16 and 24 is advantageously used as the operating material 2. Here also come / 33
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    Isomers for use. According to the present embodiment, an alkane with the structural formula C20H42, in particular eicosan, is used. An inert gas, in particular nitrogen, is used as the carrier gas. This prevents the operating material 2 in the saturator 5 from oxidizing, cracking or in any other way changing its molecular structure in spite of the high temperature. The supply of the measuring aerosol 8 to the saturator 5 additionally prevents components of the measuring aerosol 8 from impairing the function of the saturator 5. In order to achieve sufficient mixing of the measuring aerosol 8 with the enriched or saturated carrier gas 3 despite the late addition of the measuring aerosol 8, a specially designed nozzle device can be provided.
    FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of a detail of the nozzle device 6, in particular the nozzle device 6 from FIG. 1.
    The main duct 12 comprises a nozzle section 13 with a wall 17. The distributor nozzle 16 is arranged at a distance from the wall 17 within the main duct 12, in particular in the nozzle section 13. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the distributor nozzle 16 thus projects centrally into the nozzle section 13 of the main channel 12. The distributor nozzle 16 runs essentially along the main flow path 4 and, as already explained above, has an end section 15 which, in the present embodiment, is designed as a free end is.
    The wall 17 of the nozzle section 13 is essentially adapted to the course of the distributor nozzle 16. As a result of the present configuration, an annular channel is formed between the distributor nozzle 16 and the wall 17 of the nozzle section 13 and the enriched carrier gas 3 flows through it during normal operation. The measuring aerosol 8 is mixed into this ring channel through the nozzle device 6. For this purpose, the distributor nozzle 16 has an inlet opening 22 or an inlet channel 20 with a free inlet cross section 18. The measuring aerosol 8 is introduced into the distributor nozzle 16 through this inlet opening 22. Furthermore, the distributor nozzle 16 has at least one outlet opening 19 for the distributed admixture of the measurement aerosol 8 into the enriched carrier gas. An inlet duct 20 and at least one distributor duct 21 are provided for connecting the inlet opening 22 to the outlet opening 19. In the present embodiment, a plurality of outlet openings 19 are provided, each of which a distribution channel 21 direction / 33
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    Inlet channel 20 extends in order to thereby distribute the measurement aerosol 8 flowing through the inlet channel 20 to all outlet openings 19 via the distributor channels 21. The outlet openings 19 are embodied in an outlet section 26 of the distributor nozzle 16 on the circumference or on the jacket of the distributor nozzle 16. The outlet openings are preferably arranged in a row, in particular directly next to one another, along the circumference of the jacket of the distributor nozzle 16, as can partially be seen in FIG. 4. The end section 15 adjoins the outlet section 26, in particular directly.
    The measurement aerosol 8 is supplied to the distributor nozzle 16 via the measurement aerosol feed line 7. In the present embodiment, the measurement aerosol feed line 7 comprises a free end 24 which is directed towards the inlet opening 22. In particular, the inlet opening 22 or the inlet channel 20 projects into the free end 24 of the measurement aerosol feed line 7. Furthermore, an overflow opening 23 is provided in the present embodiment. Excess measurement aerosol 8, which is not introduced into the inlet opening 22 or the inlet channel 20, is discharged via the overflow opening 23. In particular, the free end 24 of the measurement aerosol supply line 7 has a free cross section 25 which is larger than the inlet cross section 18 and / or the inlet opening 22.
    In the present embodiment, the inlet cross section 18 of the inlet opening 22 or of the inlet channel 20 is configured in such a way that the inlet cross section 18 is the element in the course of the flow in the distributor nozzle 16 that has the greatest flow resistance. The inlet cross section 18 thus acts as a throttle or as a flow controller. In the illustrated case, a plurality of outlet openings 19, the free inlet cross section 18 is smaller than the smallest total outlet cross section of all outlet openings 19. In the case of a single outlet opening 19, not shown, the free inlet cross section 18 is smaller than the smallest total cross section of all distributor channels 21 or, in the case of a single distributor channel 21, this distribution channel 21.
    The free inlet cross section 18 is advantageously formed by a pipeline with a defined geometry. In particular, a pipe section with a circular free cross section is provided, the free diameter being 0.5-1.5 mm, preferably 0.7 mm. The length is 10 - 25 mm.
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    The volume flow of the measuring aerosol 8 actually conveyed through the distributor nozzle 16 is essentially defined by this configuration by the pressure difference between the inlet opening 22 and the outlet opening 19. At known pressures, the volume flow of the measuring aerosol can be determined and in particular controlled or regulated by the throttle effect of the inlet cross section 18, which is also known. The inlet channel 20 can be configured in all embodiments, in particular as a capillary, or can comprise a capillary.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the pressure in the area of the outlet opening 19 essentially corresponds to the ambient pressure. The pressure in the area of the inlet opening 22 corresponds to the dynamic pressure of the inlet opening 22 flowed through by the measurement aerosol 8.
    In an alternative embodiment, the pressure in the area of the outlet opening 19 corresponds to a negative pressure with respect to the ambient pressure, the pressure in the area of the inlet opening 22 essentially corresponding to the ambient pressure.
    The condensation particle counter is preferably designed in such a way that at least one control device is provided for influencing, controlling or regulating the volume flow of the carrier gas 3, that at least one control device is provided for influencing, controlling or regulating the volume flow of the measurement aerosol 8, and that the two control devices are at least one Form part of a control device for controlling the dilution of the measurement aerosol by the carrier gas 3.
    The condensation particle counter is preferably designed in such a way that the control device, in order to adapt the dilution of the measurement aerosol 8, taking into account the number of particles or particle density contained in the measurement aerosol 8, processes measurement data of the measurement device 10.
    A control device for influencing, controlling or regulating a volume flow can, for example, comprise or be a controllable valve and / or a controllable delivery device, such as a blower or a suction blower. By means of such a control device, the volume flow and / 33
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    AVL List GmbH may also influence the pressure conditions in the course of the flow. The dilution of the measuring aerosol 8 by the carrier gas 3 can hereby be regulated via the special configuration of the distributor nozzle 16. In such an embodiment, the two control devices are part of a control device for controlling the dilution of the measurement aerosol 8.
    In particular, the flow or the volume flow of the measurement aerosol 8 through the inlet channel 20 can be determined in the case of known flow conditions, taking into account the pressure difference upstream and downstream of the distributor nozzle 16, and can thus be regulated by adjusting the pressure difference.
    According to a first possible operating mode, the carrier gas 3 can be conveyed through the main channel 12 in such a way that there is essentially ambient pressure in the main channel 12 and thereby also in the region of the outlet openings 19 of the distributor nozzle 16. The dynamic pressure in the region of the inlet opening 22 can be controlled or regulated via a control or regulation of the volume flow of the supplied measurement aerosol 8. The resulting pressure difference enables the volume flow of the measurement aerosol introduced into the carrier gas 3 to be determined
    8. If the volume flow of the carrier gas is known, the dilution of the measuring aerosol 8 can be determined.
    According to a further possible operating mode, the carrier gas 3 can be sucked through the main channel 12, the suction fan preferably being provided after the measuring device 10. A negative pressure can now be set in the main channel 12 via one or more control valves. For example, a flow controller or flow valve can be provided in the area in which the carrier gas enters the condensation particle counter 1 and thereby also the main channel 12. The measurement aerosol 8 can be supplied through the measurement aerosol feed line 7, for example if the overflow opening 23 is dimensioned sufficiently large, essentially at ambient pressure. Due to this configuration, the pressure difference before and after the distributor nozzle 16 is known, with which the dilution of the measuring aerosol 8 in the carrier gas 3 can be determined.
    According to a further possible operating mode, both the pressure in the area of the inlet opening 22 of the distributor nozzle 16 and the pressure in the area of / 33
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    Outlet opening (s) 19 of the distributor nozzle 16 deviate from the ambient pressure, but be known or measurable, so that the pressure difference and the dilution can also be determined.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the control device can be connected directly or indirectly to the measuring device 10. In particular, measurement data of the measuring device are processed or taken into account by the control device. As a result, the dilution can be adapted, for example, to the particle content of the measurement aerosol 8. If the measurement aerosol has a high particle content, the dilution can be increased. If the measuring aerosol has a low particle content, the dilution can be reduced. This improves the measurement accuracy of the condensation particle counter. The dilution can be changed as described above.
    In the present embodiment, the outlet openings 19 are funnel-shaped and widen outwards from the distribution channel 21. Advantageously, the distribution channel 21 is formed in a first section, subsequent to the inlet channel 20, with a constant cross section and the cross section increases in a funnel shape from a certain distance from the inlet channel.
    In the present embodiment of the distributor nozzle 16, the outlet opening 19 opens obliquely into the main channel 12. The opening angle is approximately 60 ° in the present embodiment. In particular, there are eight bores each with a diameter of approximately 1 mm and an inclination of approximately 50 ° to the vertical axis. This configuration, like the entire flow system, is designed for a volume flow of 1 standard liter / min (1 NL / min, 1,000 sccm) that is customary for such systems. Of course, within the scope of the present invention, an adaptation to other volume flows is possible by means of appropriate design adaptations.
    FIG. 3 shows a schematic sectional illustration of an embodiment of the condensation particle counter, in particular the condensation particle counter from FIG. 1, the section plane being essentially a normal plane of the flow channel in the area of the saturator 5. The sectional plane runs through the saturation body 27, the saturation channels 28, the saturation channel walls 29, den / 33
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    Saturation space 31, the trough-shaped section 30 of the saturation space 31 along the fuel supply line 32 through the fuel reservoir 33, the
    Fill level control device 34 and through the pressure compensation opening 35. The fill level control device 34 is provided for regulating the fill level of the fuel 2 in the fuel reservoir 33 and is set up via the fuel feed line 32 to regulate or control the fuel supply to the saturation body 27.
    Due to the special arrangement of the fuel supply line 32, the trough-shaped section 30 and the fuel reservoir 33 are designed as communicating vessels or act as communicating vessels. The fill level in the trough-shaped section 30 can also be controlled or regulated by means of a fill level control in the fuel reservoir 33. For this purpose, the fuel supply line 32 is ring-shaped and in each case connected from below to the trough-shaped section 30 and to the fuel reservoir 33.
    In the present embodiment, the saturation body 27 is formed at least partially, preferably completely, from a porous material, in particular from a porous aluminum oxide ceramic material. The saturation body 27 projects into the trough-shaped section 30, which is at least partially filled with the operating material 2. Due to the porous structure, the saturation body 27 is automatically impregnated with the operating material 2. The saturation body 27 comprises a plurality of saturation channels 28, through which the carrier gas 3 flows during normal operation.
    The saturation channel walls 29, through which the saturation channels 28 are formed, or which run between the saturation channels 28, are likewise at least partially formed from the porous material and impregnated with the operating material 2. If carrier gas 3 now flows through saturation chamber 31, carrier gas 3 flows through saturation channels 28 and is enriched or saturated with fuel 2 via saturation channel walls 29.
    FIG. 4 shows a schematic oblique view of an embodiment of a distributor nozzle 16, in particular the distributor nozzle 16 from FIGS. 1 and 2. The distributor nozzle 16 comprises a plurality of outlet openings 19. In this embodiment, the outlet openings 19 are distributed along the circumference or the jacket of the distributor nozzle 16 arranged. According to this embodiment, the outlet openings are 19/33
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    AVL List GmbH is arranged essentially obliquely radially and evenly spaced on the distributor nozzle 16. In particular, the outlet openings 19 are arranged in a row next to one another. The outlet openings 19 are funnel-shaped and widen outwards from the cross section of the distribution channels 21. As a result, the outlet openings 19 act as a type of diffuser, as a result of which an improved mixing when the measuring aerosol is admixed into the carrier gas is brought about.
    A thorough mixing is advantageous in all embodiments so that the particles can grow separately from one another without coincidence errors and thus individually by addition of the operating material. This is particularly favored by the constructive measures of a laminar flow, an adapted flow speed and / or the configuration of the nozzle device 6.
    The distributor nozzle 16 has an end section 15 which is designed as a free end of the distributor nozzle 16. In the present embodiment, the end section 15 is formed in a conical shape, whereby a tip is formed on the end section 15.
    FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a saturation body 27, in particular of the saturation body 27, of FIGS. 1 and 3. The saturation body 27 preferably has a shape adapted to the shape of the saturation space 31. In the present embodiment, the saturation body 27 is cylindrical. The saturation body 27 has a multiplicity of saturation channels 28, which preferably run along the main flow path 4. In particular, the course of the main flow path 4 is determined by the course of the saturation channels 28. In the present embodiment, the saturation channels 28 are formed by the saturation channel walls 29. In the present embodiment, these run honeycomb or grid-shaped along the main flow path 4 through the saturation body 27. As a result, the honeycomb or grid-shaped saturation channels 28 of the embodiment of FIG. 5 have an essentially rectangular or square cross section. The cross section of the saturation channels 28 is preferably constant in the course of the saturation channels 28 along the main flow path 4. The saturation channels 28 take up more than 70%, preferably more than 80%, / 33 in a normal plane of the main flow path 4
    PI31924AT
    AVL List GmbH of the cross-sectional area of the saturation body 27, whereby incomplete saturation channels 28 at the edge of the saturation body 27 are not taken into account.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the saturation body 27 is formed from a porous aluminum oxide ceramic material. This material preferably consists of over 80% of a mixture of Al2O3 and SiO2. The aluminum oxide ceramic material advantageously contains 45-55% (eg 51.7%) Al2O3 and / or 3845% (eg 42%) SiO2. In a variant of the invention, 3-5% K2O, in particular 4.1% K2O, is additionally present, additional constituents such as Fe2O3, TiO2, CaO, MgO and / or Na2O being additionally contained in the range from or below 1% can. The aluminum oxide ceramic material preferably has a density of 2-3, in particular of 2.7 g / cm 3 according to the hydrostatic method DIN VDE 0335/2 and a water absorption of less than 0.1%, in particular of 0%, according to the hydrostatic method DIN VDE 0335 / 2 on.
    The saturation body 27 or the aluminum oxide ceramic material advantageously has a porosity that has a sufficient capillary action for the operating medium or the operating medium 2. For example, a saturation body 27 with a diameter of about 2.5 cm should be completely wetted or soaked if it is about 1/5 deep in the operating material 2, for example.
    A method for operating a condensation particle counter 1 according to the invention provides that a carrier gas 3 - in particular an inert gas such as e.g. Nitrogen is conveyed along a main flow path 4 through the condensation particle counter 1, the carrier gas 3 being tempered, at least in sections, by a temperature control arrangement 11 as it flows through the condensation particle counter 1 along the main flow path 4. In succession along the main flow path 4:
    - The carrier gas 3 through a saturator 5 with a fuel 2 - in particular an alkane with the structural formula CnH2n + 2 and an atomic number n between 16 and 24 or associated isomers, e.g. enriched or saturated with structural formula C20H42 and in particular eicosan;
    / 33
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    - A measuring aerosol 8 is added to the enriched carrier gas 3 through a nozzle device 6;
    - The mixture containing the carrier gas 3, the operating fluid 2 and the measuring aerosol 8 oversaturated in a condensation area 9; and
    - Detects the particles of the measuring aerosol 8 enlarged by the condensed operating medium in a measuring device 10.
    Carrier gas 3 and measuring aerosol 8 are tempered in the measuring mode by the temperature control arrangement 11 in the condensation area 9 to a condensation temperature of over 150 ° C., preferably over 190 ° C.
    FIGS. 1-5 preferably relate to a single advantageous embodiment of a condensation particle counter according to the invention or an arrangement according to the invention comprising a condensation particle counter.
    In principle, however, the nozzle device 6 and in particular the distributor nozzle 16 can also be used to improve the admixture of the measurement aerosol in a conventional condensation particle counter.
    In principle, the saturator 5 and in particular the saturation body 27 and the control of the fill level in the saturation chamber can also be used in a conventional condensation particle counter.
    / 33
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    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Condensation particle counter (1) comprising:
    - a main channel (12) through which a carrier gas (3) flows in the measuring operation along a main flow path (4),
    - A saturator (5) for enrichment, in particular for saturation, of the carrier gas (3) with an operating material (2), the saturator (5) comprising a saturation body (27) soakable with the operating material (2) and soaked in measuring operation, and wherein the saturation body (27) comprises at least one saturation channel (28) following the main flow path (4) for the passage and enrichment of the carrier gas (3),
    - A along the main flow path (4) after the saturator (5) in a nozzle section (13) of the main channel (12) opening nozzle device (6), which is connected to a measuring aerosol feed line (7) and for introducing a particle-laden measuring aerosol (8) into it enriched carrier gas (3) is set up,
    a condensation area (9) arranged along the main flow path (4) after the nozzle device (6) for supersaturation of the mixture containing the carrier gas (3), the operating material (2) and the measurement aerosol (8),
    a measuring device (10) arranged along the main flow path (4) after the condensation area (9) for detecting the particles of the measurement aerosol (8) enlarged by the condensed operating material,
    - And a tempering arrangement (11) for tempering the carrier gas, characterized in that the saturation body (27) is at least partially, preferably completely, formed from a porous aluminum oxide ceramic material.
    [2]
    2. Condensation particle counter (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the aluminum oxide ceramic material consists of over 80% of a mixture of Al2O3 and SiO2.
    [3]
    3. Condensation particle counter (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the aluminum oxide ceramic material contains 45-55% Al2O3.
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    [4]
    4. Condensation particle counter (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the aluminum oxide ceramic material contains 38-45% SiO2.
    [5]
    5. Condensation particle counter (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the aluminum oxide ceramic material contains 51.7% Al2O3 and 42% SiO2.
    [6]
    6. Condensation particle counter (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the aluminum oxide ceramic material contains, in addition to Al2O3 and SiO2, 3-5% K2O, in particular 4.1% K2O.
    [7]
    7. Condensation particle counter (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the aluminum oxide ceramic material in addition to Al2O3, SiO2 and K2O further constituents such as Fe2O3, TiO2, CaO, MgO and / or Na2O, each in the range from or below 1%, contains.
    [8]
    8. Condensation particle counter (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the aluminum oxide ceramic material has a density of 2-
    3 g / cm 3 , in particular 2.7 g / cm 3 according to the hydrostatic method DIN VDE 0335/2.
    [9]
    9. Condensation particle counter (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the aluminum oxide ceramic material has a water absorption of less than 0.1%, in particular 0% according to the hydrostatic method DIN VDE 0335/2.
    [10]
    10. condensation particle counter (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the saturation body (27) comprises a plurality of saturation channels (28) which extend alongside one another along the main flow path (4) through the saturation body (27), the between the saturation channels (28) arranged saturation channel walls (29) are soaked with the operating material (2) in measuring operation.
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    [11]
    11. Condensation particle counter (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the saturation channel walls (29) extend in a honeycomb or grid-like manner along the main flow path (4) through the saturation body (27), whereby a multiplicity of honeycomb or grid-shaped saturation channels (28) is formed ,
    [12]
    12. Condensation particle counter (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that
    - That the saturation body (27) is arranged in a trough-shaped section (30) of a saturation chamber (31) of the saturator (5),
    - And that the trough-shaped section (30) is at least partially filled with the operating material (2).
    [13]
    13. condensation particle counter (1) according to claim 12, characterized in
    - That a fuel supply line (32) opens into the trough-shaped section (30) of the saturator (5),
    - That the fuel supply line (32) is connected to a fuel reservoir (33),
    - And that the trough-shaped section (30) and the operating fluid reservoir (33) through the connection with the operating material supply line (32) are designed or act as communicating vessels.
    [14]
    14. Condensation particle counter (1) according to claim 13, characterized in that a level control device (34) for controlling the level of the operating fluid (2) in the operating fluid reservoir (33) is provided, and that the level control device (34) via the operating fluid supply line (32) Regulation or control of the fuel supply to the saturation body (27) is set up.
    [15]
    15. condensation particle counter (1) according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the saturation chamber (31) along the main flow path (4) is tubular and comprises a pressure equalization opening (35) in the upper region, above the trough-shaped section (30) .
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    AVL List GmbH and / or that the shape and / or the course of the saturation space (31) in the saturator (5) is or are adapted to the shape and / or the course of the saturation body (27).
    [16]
    16. Condensation particle counter (1) according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the saturation channels (28) occupy more than 70%, preferably more than 80%, of the cross-sectional area of the saturation body (27) in a normal plane of the main flow path (4) Incomplete saturation channels (28) at the edge of the saturation body (27) are not taken into account.
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    1.4

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    2.4
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE112019000599A5|2020-10-29|
    WO2019148228A1|2019-08-08|
    AT520844B1|2019-11-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    JPS6176935A|1984-09-21|1986-04-19|Nippon Kagaku Kogyo Kk|Fine grain counting instrument|
    US20080152547A1|2006-12-22|2008-06-26|Thermo Electron Corporation|Devices, methods, and systems for detecting particles in aerosol gas streams|
    JP2014002035A|2012-06-18|2014-01-09|National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology|Partial suction type condensed particle counter|
    DE102015004853A1|2015-04-16|2016-10-20|Palas Gmbh Partikel- Und Lasermesstechnik|Device for counting particles|
    US20170276589A1|2016-03-23|2017-09-28|Derek Oberreit|Compact condensation particle counter technology|CN112044378A|2020-08-24|2020-12-08|中国计量大学|Device and method for controlling shape of aerosol particle condensation growth flow field through electromagnetic field|US7656510B2|2002-09-18|2010-02-02|The Regents Of The University Of California|Stream-wise thermal gradient cloud condensation nuclei chamber|
    JP2007033064A|2005-07-22|2007-02-08|Institute Of Physical & Chemical Research|Fine particle counter|
    EP2832411B1|2012-03-30|2018-12-05|Ibiden Co., Ltd|Honeycomb filter|
    GB201317744D0|2013-10-08|2013-11-20|Twigg Scient & Technical Ltd|Improvements in nanoparticle counting|
    AT517950B1|2015-11-17|2017-06-15|Avl List Gmbh|Condensation particle counter with level sensor element|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    AT500922018A|AT520844B1|2018-01-31|2018-01-31|Condensation particle counter with saturator|AT500922018A| AT520844B1|2018-01-31|2018-01-31|Condensation particle counter with saturator|
    PCT/AT2019/060040| WO2019148228A1|2018-01-31|2019-01-31|Condensation particle counter with saturator|
    DE112019000599.5T| DE112019000599A5|2018-01-31|2019-01-31|Condensation particle counter with saturator|
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